论文标题
宇宙的扩展比预期的要快
The Expansion of the Universe is Faster than Expected
论文作者
论文摘要
我们的宇宙扩展的当前速率，即哈勃常数，可以使用早期宇宙的测量或更直接地从后期的宇宙中预测到宇宙学模型。但是随着这些测量的改善，两者之间出现了令人惊讶的分歧。在2019年，使用不同的方法和数据对后期宇宙进行了许多独立的测量，这提供了一致的结果，这使得与早期宇宙预测的差异越来越难以忽视。我们审查了2019年实现的关键进展： - 哈勃常数的局部或后期宇宙测量值从二十年前的10％不确定性提高到2019年底的2％。 - 2019年，多个独立团队以不同的方法和不同的校准进行了测量，以产生一致的结果。 - 这些后期的宇宙估计在4 $σ$至6 $σ$上不同意与宇宙微波背景的预测与标准宇宙学模型的结合，这一分歧很难解释或忽略。
The present rate of the expansion of our Universe, the Hubble constant, can be predicted from the cosmological model using measurements of the early Universe, or more directly measured from the late Universe. But as these measurements improved, a surprising disagreement between the two appeared. In 2019, a number of independent measurements of the late Universe using different methods and data provided consistent results making the discrepancy with the early Universe predictions increasingly hard to ignore. We review key advances realized by 2019: -- The local or late Universe measurement of the Hubble constant improved from 10% uncertainty twenty years ago to under 2% by the end of 2019. -- In 2019, multiple independent teams presented measurements with different methods and different calibrations to produce consistent results. -- These late Universe estimations disagree at 4$σ$ to 6$σ$ with predictions made from the Cosmic Microwave Background in conjunction with the standard cosmological model, a disagreement that is hard to explain or ignore.
