论文标题
从地球，火星和金星上昂贵的气体和氮同位素进化的大气进化的观点
Perspectives on atmospheric evolution from noble gas and nitrogen isotopes on Earth, Mars & Venus
论文作者
论文摘要
大气的组成融合了整个行星体的地质历史。但是，陆地行星大气的长期演变尚未得到充分记录。对于地球而言，直到最近才有很少的直接记录在遥远的过去，洞察力主要来自地球化学或物理代理和/或来自及时推迟的大气模型。在这里，我们回顾了有关新的陆生样品的创新方法，这些方法导致了关键地球化学示踪剂，即贵重气体和氮的元素和同位素组成的确定。这种方法使人们可以通过地质时期研究大气的演变，并对过去的大气压力和大气海洋的盐度设定严格的限制。对于火星，我们回顾了从火星陨石的分析获得的当前知识状态，以及从流浪者和航天器对当今大气组成的直接测量。基于这些测量值，我们探讨了火星和陆地大气进化的不同模型。对于金星而言，只有很少的知名度，证明了对专门任务的迫切需求。
The composition of an atmosphere has integrated the geological history of the entire planetary body. However, the long-term evolutions of the atmospheres of the terrestrial planets are not well documented. For Earth, there were until recently only few direct records of atmosphere's composition in the distant past, and insights came mainly from geochemical or physical proxies and/or from atmospheric models pushed back in time. Here we review innovative approaches on new terrestrial samples that led to the determination of the elemental and isotopic compositions of key geochemical tracers, namely noble gases and nitrogen. Such approaches allowed one to investigate the atmosphere's evolution through geological period of time, and to set stringent constraints on the past atmospheric pressure and on the salinity of the Archean oceans. For Mars, we review the current state of knowledge obtained from analyses of Martian meteorites, and from the direct measurements of the composition of the present-day atmosphere by rovers and spacecrafts. Based on these measurements, we explore divergent models of the Martian and Terrestrial atmospheric evolutions. For Venus, only little is known, evidencing the critical need for dedicated missions.
