论文标题
$φ^4 $ - 理论中的扭结和现实的杂质模型
Kinks and realistic impurity models in $φ^4$-theory
论文作者
论文摘要
$φ^4 $ - 理论无处不在，是对从宇宙学和粒子物理学到生物物理学和凝结物质理论的各个物理领域的过程的低能量描述。在该理论中，拓扑缺陷或扭结描述了稳定的粒子状激发。在实践中，这些激发必然会在传播时在后台潜力中遇到杂质或瑕疵。在这里，我们描述了扭结与各种类型的现实杂质模型之间的相互作用。我们发现，现实的杂质在定性上的行为与经过深入的，理想化的三角洲功能杂质一样，但是在局部杂质模式的特征和碰撞动力学中，显着的定量差异都出现。我们还确定了一种特定的扭结 - 脉冲相互作用的状态，其中扭结在与杂质碰撞时会松散其所有动能。
The $φ^4$-theory is ubiquitous as a low-energy effective description of processes in all fields of physics ranging from cosmology and particle physics to biophysics and condensed matter theory. The topological defects, or kinks, in this theory describe stable, particle-like excitations. In practice, these excitations will necessarily encounter impurities or imperfections in the background potential as they propagate. Here, we describe the interaction between kinks and various types of realistic impurity models. We find that realistic impurities behave qualitatively like the well-studied, idealized delta function impurities, but that significant quantitative differences appear in both the characteristics of localized impurity modes, and in the collision dynamics. We also identify a particular regime of kink-impurity interactions, in which kinks loose all of their kinetic energy upon colliding with an impurity.
