论文标题

缓解空间脆弱模型中的空间混杂

Alleviating Spatial Confounding in Spatial Frailty Models

论文作者

Azevedo, Douglas Roberto Mesquita, Prates, Marcos Oliveira, Bandyopadhyay, Dipankar

论文摘要

空间混淆是如何在固定和空间随机效应之间称为混杂的。它已经进行了广泛的研究,并且在过去几年中在空间统计文献中引起了人们的关注,因为它可能在建模时会产生意外的结果。基于投影的方法(也称为限制模型)似乎是克服广义线性混合模型中的空间混杂的良好替代方法。但是,当固定效应的支持与空间效应效应不同时,这种方法将不再直接应用。在这项工作中,我们介绍了一种减轻空间脆弱模型家族的空间混淆的方法。这类模型可以结合空间结构化的效果,通常观察到每个区域多个样本单元以上,这意味着对固定和空间效应的支持有所不同。在这种情况下,我们介绍了一种基于两个折叠的投影方法,将设计矩阵投射到空间的维度上,然后将随机效应投影到新设计矩阵的正交空间中。为了在分析中提供快速推断,我们采用了综合的嵌套拉普拉斯近似方法。该方法通过加利福尼亚州的肺和支气管癌的应用进行说明 - 美国证实了该方法的效率。

Spatial confounding is how is called the confounding between fixed and spatial random effects. It has been widely studied and it gained attention in the past years in the spatial statistics literature, as it may generate unexpected results in modeling. The projection-based approach, also known as restricted models, appears as a good alternative to overcome the spatial confounding in generalized linear mixed models. However, when the support of fixed effects is different from the spatial effect one, this approach can no longer be applied directly. In this work, we introduce a method to alleviate the spatial confounding for the spatial frailty models family. This class of models can incorporate spatially structured effects and it is usual to observe more than one sample unit per area which means that the support of fixed and spatial effects differs. In this case, we introduce a two folded projection-based approach projecting the design matrix to the dimension of the space and then projecting the random effect to the orthogonal space of the new design matrix. To provide fast inference in our analysis we employ the integrated nested Laplace approximation methodology. The method is illustrated with an application with lung and bronchus cancer in California - US that confirms that the methodology efficiency.

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