论文标题
各向异性非线性弹性材料的数值模型的缺陷
Deficiencies in numerical models of anisotropic nonlinearly elastic materials
论文作者
论文摘要
在有限元数值实验中很少模拟不可压缩的非线性超弹性材料,因为与全球满足此约束相关的数值困难是完全不可压缩的。因此,大多数商业有限元包装都假定该材料略有压缩。然后进一步假定,相应的应变能函数可以添加分解为体积和偏见的部分。我们表明,这种分解在物理上是不现实的,尤其是对于各向异性材料,这对于模拟生物软组织的机械响应特别感兴趣。缺点的最引人注目的例证是,这种分解是在静水张力下的各向异性立方体变形为另一个立方体而不是具有非平行面的六角形。此外,商业数值代码需要“可压缩性参数”(或“惩罚因子”)的规范,该代码自然来自应变能函数的有缺陷的加性分解。该参数通常与“散装模量”有关,尽管该概念对各向异性固体没有意义。我们表明,这本质上是一个任意参数,无限的变化会导致预测的应力反应发生重大变化。用数值模拟进行了动脉的双轴张力实验的数值模拟,当时应力响应的幅度在接近完美不可压缩性限制的1/2的无限量变化时发现了压力响应的幅度变化几个数量级。
Incompressible nonlinearly hyperelastic materials are rarely simulated in Finite Element numerical experiments as being perfectly incompressible because of the numerical difficulties associated with globally satisfying this constraint. Most commercial Finite Element packages therefore assume that the material is slightly compressible. It is then further assumed that the corresponding strain-energy function can be decomposed additively into volumetric and deviatoric parts. We show that this decomposition is not physically realistic, especially for anisotropic materials, which are of particular interest for simulating the mechanical response of biological soft tissue. The most striking illustration of the shortcoming is that with this decomposition, an anisotropic cube under hydrostatic tension deforms into another cube instead of a hexahedron with non-parallel faces. Furthermore, commercial numerical codes require the specification of a `compressibility parameter' (or `penalty factor'), which arises naturally from the flawed additive decomposition of the strain-energy function. This parameter is often linked to a `bulk modulus', although this notion makes no sense for anisotropic solids; we show that it is essentially an arbitrary parameter and that infinitesimal changes to it result in significant changes in the predicted stress response. This is illustrated with numerical simulations for biaxial tension experiments of arteries, where the magnitude of the stress response is found to change by several orders of magnitude when infinitesimal changes in `Poisson's ratio' close to the perfect incompressibility limit of 1/2 are made.