论文标题
周期物种的通用进化模型
Universal evolutionary model for periodical species
论文作者
论文摘要
周期生物时期的真实例子范围从蝉，其生命周期更大的质量数量（如13或17）到竹子的班栓，其周期是大量的小数量，例如40甚至120个。周期性是由物种相互作用引起的，是捕食性关系，象征性的象征性，象征性的，consemensialismismismismismismismissismismismiss和竞争。我们提出了一个简单的数学模型，该模型解释并模拟所有这些原理，包括列出的极端情况。这个相当普遍的定性模型基于局部健身函数的概念，如果物种的全球适应性函数的值增加，则选择随机选择的新时期。从算术上讲，不同观察到的相互作用仅与四个原则有关：鉴于几个整数时期（1）它们最大的共同除数是一个，（2）其中一个时期是素数，（3）两个时期是相等的，或（4）一个时期是另一个时期。
Real-world examples of periods of periodical organisms range from cicadas whose life-cycles are larger prime numbers, like 13 or 17, to bamboos whose periods are large multiples of small primes, like 40 or even 120. The periodicity is caused by interaction of species, be it a predator-prey relationship, symbiosis, commensialism, or competition exclusion principle. We propose a simple mathematical model which explains and models all those principles, including listed extremel cases. This, rather universal, qualitative model is based on the concept of a local fitness function, where a randomly chosen new period is selected if the value of the global fitness function of the species increases. Arithmetically speaking, the different observed interactions are related to only four principles: given a couple of integer periods either (1) their greatest common divisor is one, (2) one of the periods is prime, (3) both periods are equal, or (4) one period is an integer multiple of the other.
