论文标题

使用GAIA DR2的星体统计选择的类星体候选样本的光谱分类

Spectroscopic classification of a complete sample of astrometrically-selected quasar candidates using Gaia DR2

论文作者

Heintz, K. E., Fynbo, J. P. U., Geier, S. J., Møller, P., Krogager, J. -K., Konstantopoulou, C., de Burgos, A., Christensen, L., Steinhardt, C. L., Milvang-Jensen, B., Jakobsson, P., Høg, E., Arvedlund, B. E. H. K., Christiansen, C. R., Hansen, T. B., Henriksen, P. D., Kuszon, K. B., McKenzie, I. B., Mosekjær, K. A., Paulsen, M. F. K., Sukstorf, M. N., Wilson, S. N., Ørgaard, S. K. K.

论文摘要

在这里,我们探讨了纯粹的天体选择类星体作为点源的效率和保真度,该点源在{\ it Gaia}数据版本2(DR2)中零正确运动。我们已经建立了一个完整的候选样本,其中包括104 GAIA-DR2点源在北银河杆(NGP)之内的$ G <20 $ mag的亮度更明亮,所有这些都与零在2 $σ$不确定性之内的零运动一致。除了先前存在的光谱外,我们还确保了所有其余候选者的长期光谱法,并发现该场中的所有104个固定点源都可以归类为类星体(63)或恒星(41)。因此,在高银河纬度上的零proper-Motion标准的选择效率为$ \ \%$ \%$。基于这个完整的类星体样本,我们检查了施加的限制幅度内基础类星体种群的基本特性。我们发现,类星体的表面密度为20度$^{ - 2} $,红移分布在$ z \ sim1.5 $处峰值,只有八个系统($ 13^{+5} _ { - 3} \%$)显示出明显的灰尘红色。然后,我们探讨了常用的光学,近红外和中红外的类星体识别技术的选择效率,并发现它们在$ 85-90 \%$级别的水平与Astrestrostric Selection相比,它们都以$ 85-90 \%$的水平完成。最后,我们讨论了如何通过额外的切割来提高天文学的选择,以提高$ \ \%\%$的效率,要求额外的切割要求候选人的视差在2 $σ$之内与零一致。随着未来的发布,盖亚任务的更敏感的天文测量,选择效率将进一步提高。这种类型的选择纯粹基于类星体候选者的星形法,在类星体的颜色和发射机制方面是公正的,因此在盖亚的极限范围内提供了类星体种群中最完整的人口普查。

Here we explore the efficiency and fidelity of a purely astrometric selection of quasars as point sources with zero proper motions in the {\it Gaia} data release 2 (DR2). We have built a complete candidate sample including 104 Gaia-DR2 point sources brighter than $G<20$ mag within one degree of the north Galactic pole (NGP), all with proper motions consistent with zero within 2$σ$ uncertainty. In addition to pre-existing spectra, we have secured long-slit spectroscopy of all the remaining candidates and find that all 104 stationary point sources in the field can be classified as either quasars (63) or stars (41). The selection efficiency of the zero-proper-motion criterion at high Galactic latitudes is thus $\approx 60\%$. Based on this complete quasar sample we examine the basic properties of the underlying quasar population within the imposed limiting magnitude. We find that the surface density of quasars is 20 deg$^{-2}$, the redshift distribution peaks at $z\sim1.5$, and that only eight systems ($13^{+5}_{-3}\%$) show significant dust reddening. We then explore the selection efficiency of commonly used optical, near- and mid-infrared quasar identification techniques and find that they are all complete at the $85-90\%$ level compared to the astrometric selection. Finally, we discuss how the astrometric selection can be improved to an efficiency of $\approx70\%$ by including an additional cut requiring parallaxes of the candidates to be consistent with zero within 2$σ$. The selection efficiency will further increase with the release of future, more sensitive astrometric measurement from the Gaia mission. This type of selection, purely based on the astrometry of the quasar candidates, is unbiased in terms of colours and emission mechanisms of the quasars and thus provides the most complete census of the quasar population within the limiting magnitude of Gaia.

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