论文标题
小尺度上相关催化状态转换的量子热力学
Quantum thermodynamics of correlated-catalytic state conversion at small-scale
论文作者
论文摘要
可以通过引入称为Catalyst的辅助系统来扩展可能的热力学转化类别，该系统可以协助状态转换，同时保持其自身状态不变。我们通过允许系统与催化剂之间的无限相关性，揭示了量子和单发热力学中催化状态转化的完整表征。具体而言，我们证明，单个热力学潜力通过标准的非平衡自由能以Kullback-Leibler Divergence定义为相关的催化状态转化，为相关催化状态转化提供了必要和充分的条件。这解决了Wilming，Gallego和Eisert提出的猜想[Entropy 19，241（2017）]以及Lostaglio和Muller [Phys。莱特牧师。 123，020403（2019）]为正。此外，我们表明，借助工作存储，任何量子状态都可以通过支付等于非平衡自由能的差来转换为另一个量子状态。我们的结果将是在完全量子制度中建立催化状态转换资源理论的一步。
The class of possible thermodynamic conversions can be extended by introducing an auxiliary system called catalyst, which assists state conversion while remaining its own state unchanged. We reveal a complete characterization of catalytic state conversion in quantum and single-shot thermodynamics by allowing an infinitesimal correlation between the system and the catalyst. Specifically, we prove that a single thermodynamic potential, which provides the necessary and sufficient condition for the correlated-catalytic state conversion, is given by the standard nonequilibrium free energy defined with the Kullback-Leibler divergence. This resolves the conjecture raised by Wilming, Gallego, and Eisert [Entropy 19, 241 (2017)] and by Lostaglio and Muller [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 020403 (2019)] in positive. Moreover, we show that, with the aid of the work storage, any quantum state can be converted into another one by paying the work cost equal to the difference of the nonequilibrium free energy. Our result would serve as a step towards establishing resource theories of catalytic state conversion in the fully quantum regime.
