论文标题
选择在小波域中数字音频水印的最佳嵌入位置
Selection of the optimal embedding positions of digital audio watermarking in wavelet domain
论文作者
论文摘要
这项工作研究了在小波域中数字音频水印的嵌入位置,以使初学者在短时间内了解水印的性质。基于小波变换的理论,本文分析了转换后每个级别的统计分布以及嵌入不同变换水平的水印的特征。通过比较和分析,我们发现水印适合嵌入小波变换的前四个级别的系数中。在当前的最新方法中,嵌入算法始终是替换嵌入位置的系数值。相比之下,本文提出了一种嵌入的自适应插值算法,以实现更好的不可识别。为了降低计算复杂性,我们采用了一个伪随机序列,长度为31位作为水印。在实验中,水印被嵌入不同的位置,包括不同的变换水平,高频系数和低频系数,高能区域和低频区域。结果表明,不可识别性比传统嵌入算法更好。计算了提取的水印的位错误率,我们分析了每个嵌入式信号的鲁棒性和脆弱性。最后,我们得出了用于不同应用和未来工作的水印的最佳嵌入位置。
This work studied embedding positions of digital audio watermarking in wavelet domain, to make beginners understand the nature of watermarking in a short time. Based on the theory of wavelet transform, this paper analyzed statistical distributions of each level after transformation and the features of watermark embedded in different transform levels. Through comparison and analysis, we found that watermark was suitable for embedding into the coefficients of the first four levels of wavelet transform. In current state-of-art approaches, the embedding algorithms were always to replace the coefficient values of the embedded positions. In contrast this paper proposed an embedding algorithm of selfadaptive interpolation to achieve a better imperceptibility. In order to reduce the computational complexity, we took a pseudo random sequence with a length of 31 bits as the watermark. In the experiments, watermark was embedded in different locations, including different transform levels, high-frequency coefficients and low-frequency coefficients, high-energy regions and low-frequency regions. Results showed that the imperceptibility was better than traditional embedding algorithms. The bit error rates of the extracted watermark were calculated and we analyzed the robustness and fragility of each embedded signal. At last we concluded the best embedding positions of watermark for different applications and our future work.