论文标题

麦哲伦云中凉爽超级巨人之间的多样性

Multiplicity among the cool supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds

论文作者

Dorda, R., Patrick, L. R.

论文摘要

高质量恒星的多样性的表征对于了解它们的演变,观察到的核心偏离超新星的多样性以及引力波祖细胞系统的形成至关重要。尽管如此,直到最近,巨大的恒星进化的最后一个阶段之一 - 凉爽的超级阶段 - 受到相对较少的关注。在这项研究中,我们旨在探索大小的麦哲伦云(LMC和SMC)中凉爽的超级巨人(CSG)之间的多样性。为此,我们对LMC和SMC的1000多个CSG进行了广泛的档案径向速度(RV)测量,跨越了40多年的基线。通过统计,通过将每个恒星目录的RV测量值纠正到Gaia DR2参考框架,我们能够有效地比较这些不同的观测值。我们确定了45个CSG,其中无法通过内在变异性来解释RV变化,因此被视为二进制系统。我们获得SMC的最低二进制分数为$ 15 \ pm4 \%$,LMC的$ 14 \ pm5 \%$。结合这些结果,我们确定CSGS的最低二进制分数为$ 15 \ pm3 \%$。这些结果与先前的结果非常吻合,这些结果适用于观察偏见。这些结果增加了这样的假设,即CSG的二元分数明显低于其主要序列。展望未来,我们强调了对长基线多上两口光谱调查的需求,以涵盖CSG二进制系统的完整参数空间。

The characterisation of the multiplicity of high-mass stars is of fundamental importance to understand their evolution, the diversity of observed core-collapse supernovae and the formation of gravitational wave progenitor systems. Despite that, until recently, one of the final phases of massive star evolution -- the cool supergiant phase -- has received comparatively little attention. In this study we aim to explore the multiplicity among the cool supergiants (CSGs) in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC, respectively). To do this we compile extensive archival radial velocity (RV) measurements for over 1000 CSGs from the LMC and SMC, spanning a baseline of over 40 years. By statistically correcting the RV measurements of each stellar catalogue to the Gaia DR2 reference frame we are able to effectively compare these diverse observations. We identify 45 CSGs where RV variations cannot be explained through intrinsic variability, and are hence considered binary systems. We obtain a minimum binary fraction of $15\pm4\%$ for the SMC and of $14\pm5\%$ for the LMC. Combining these results, we determine a minimum binary fraction of $15\pm3\%$ for CSGs. These results are in good agreement with previous results which apply a correction to account for observational biases. These results add strength to the hypothesis that the binary fraction of CSGs is significantly lower than their main-sequence counterparts. Going forward, we stress the need for long-baseline multi-epoch spectroscopic surveys to cover the full parameter space of CSG binary systems.

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