论文标题

公平的机器学习在部分合规性下

Fair Machine Learning Under Partial Compliance

论文作者

Dai, Jessica, Fazelpour, Sina, Lipton, Zachary C.

论文摘要

通常,公平的机器学习研究集中在一个决策者上,并假设潜在的人群是静止的。但是,许多激励这项工作的关键领域都具有许多决策者的竞争市场。实际上,我们可能只期望其中的一部分采用任何非强制性公平意识的政策,而政治哲学家称之为部分依从性的情况。这种可能性提出了重要的问题:决策主体在部分合规设置中的战略行为如何影响分配结果?如果K%的雇主自愿采取公平性的干预措施,我们是否应该期望K%的进步(总计)对普遍采用的好处,或者部分合规性的动态是否会消除希望获得的收益?采用全球(与本地)观点会如何影响审计师的结论?在本文中,我们提出了一个简单的就业市场模型,利用模拟作为探索互动效果和激励效果对结果和审计指标的影响的工具。我们的主要发现是,在平衡下:(1)部分合规性(k%的雇主)可能会远远远远远远远远远远远远不足(k%)在全部合规性结果方面的进展; (2)当公平的雇主与全球(与本地)统计数据相匹配时,差距更加严重; (3)本地与全球统计数据的选择可以绘制符合规定的雇主与不符合雇主的公平性的表现巨大的图片; (4)部分遵守当地平价措施可以引起极端的隔离。

Typically, fair machine learning research focuses on a single decisionmaker and assumes that the underlying population is stationary. However, many of the critical domains motivating this work are characterized by competitive marketplaces with many decisionmakers. Realistically, we might expect only a subset of them to adopt any non-compulsory fairness-conscious policy, a situation that political philosophers call partial compliance. This possibility raises important questions: how does the strategic behavior of decision subjects in partial compliance settings affect the allocation outcomes? If k% of employers were to voluntarily adopt a fairness-promoting intervention, should we expect k% progress (in aggregate) towards the benefits of universal adoption, or will the dynamics of partial compliance wash out the hoped-for benefits? How might adopting a global (versus local) perspective impact the conclusions of an auditor? In this paper, we propose a simple model of an employment market, leveraging simulation as a tool to explore the impact of both interaction effects and incentive effects on outcomes and auditing metrics. Our key findings are that at equilibrium: (1) partial compliance (k% of employers) can result in far less than proportional (k%) progress towards the full compliance outcomes; (2) the gap is more severe when fair employers match global (vs local) statistics; (3) choices of local vs global statistics can paint dramatically different pictures of the performance vis-a-vis fairness desiderata of compliant versus non-compliant employers; and (4) partial compliance to local parity measures can induce extreme segregation.

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