论文标题
利用用户移动性进行WiFi RTT定位:几何方法
Exploiting User Mobility for WiFi RTT Positioning: A Geometric Approach
论文作者
论文摘要
最近,通过微调测量协议测量的往返时间(RTT)在WiFi定位领域受到了极大的关注。当存在视线(LOS)路径时,它在有利的环境中提供了可接受的范围精度。否则,信号与非LOS路径一起绕道,这使得结果范围的结果不同于地面真相,称为RTT偏置,这是定位性能差的主要原因。为了解决这个问题,我们旨在利用智能手机的惯性测量单元检测到的用户移动轨迹,称为行人死亡估算(PDR)。具体而言,PDR提供了相邻位置之间的地理关系,指导所得定位估计的序列不偏离用户轨迹。为此,我们将它们的关系描述为多个几何方程,使我们能够以可接受的精度渲染一种新颖的定位算法。根据线性或任意的迁移率模式,我们开发出不同的算法分为两个阶段。首先,我们可以通过利用上述几何关系来共同估计每个AP的RTT偏置和用户的步长。它使我们能够构建在相关AP的本地坐标系统上定义的用户的相对轨迹。其次,我们将每个AP的相对轨迹与一个称为轨迹比对的单个相对轨迹一致,等效于转换为全球坐标系。结果,我们可以从对齐轨迹估算用户绝对位置的序列。各种现场实验广泛验证了所提出的算法的有效性,即在LOS和NLOS环境中,平均定位误差分别约为0.369(M)和1.705(M)。
Recently, round-trip time (RTT) measured by a fine-timing measurement protocol has received great attention in the area of WiFi positioning. It provides an acceptable ranging accuracy in favorable environments when a line-of-sight (LOS) path exists. Otherwise, a signal is detoured along with non-LOS paths, making the resultant ranging results different from the ground-truth, called an RTT bias, which is the main reason for poor positioning performance. To address it, we aim at leveraging the user mobility trajectory detected by a smartphone's inertial measurement units, called pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR). Specifically, PDR provides the geographic relation among adjacent locations, guiding the resultant positioning estimates' sequence not to deviate from the user trajectory. To this end, we describe their relations as multiple geometric equations, enabling us to render a novel positioning algorithm with acceptable accuracy. Depending on the mobility pattern being linear or arbitrary, we develop different algorithms divided into two phases. First, we can jointly estimate an RTT bias of each AP and the user's step length by leveraging the geometric relation mentioned above. It enables us to construct a user's relative trajectory defined on the concerned AP's local coordinate system. Second, we align every AP's relative trajectory into a single one, called trajectory alignment, equivalent to transformation to the global coordinate system. As a result, we can estimate the sequence of the user's absolute locations from the aligned trajectory. Various field experiments extensively verify the proposed algorithm's effectiveness that the average positioning error is approximately 0.369 (m) and 1.705 (m) in LOS and NLOS environments, respectively.