论文标题
在木星和土星上以对流为导向的涡流形成
Deep convection-driven vortex formation on Jupiter and Saturn
论文作者
论文摘要
木星和土星的表面都有巨大的涡旋风暴，有助于塑造其大气的动态性质。随着时间的流逝，陆地和空间的观察活动已经建立了这些涡旋的几个属性，其中两个行星之间相似，而另一些则不同。浅水流体动力学，涡流被视为浅层天气层现象，通常是出于解释其形成和特性而引起的。在这里，我们报告了涡流的新型形成机制，其中主要的行星对流是这些行星中发生的深度行星对流。使用旋转球形壳中湍流对流的三维模拟，我们提出了两个想法：（1）旋转的湍流对流会产生深层轴向对准的旋风分离和反气旋； （2）深层的行星发电机可促进额外的反气旋，其中一些与木星的大大气层中的大红色斑点一样大。我们使用这些想法来解释涡旋和土星上涡流的几种观察性能。
The surface of both Jupiter and Saturn has magnificent vortical storms which help shape the dynamic nature of their atmospheres. Land- and space-based observational campaigns over time have established several properties of these vortices, with some being similar between the two planets, while others are different. Shallow-water hydrodynamics, where the vortices are treated as shallow weather-layer phenomenon, is commonly evoked for explaining their formation and properties. Here we report novel formation mechanisms for vortices where the primary driving mechanism is the deep planetary convection occurring in these planets. Using three dimensional simulations of turbulent convection in rotating spherical shells, we propose two ideas: (1) rotating turbulent convection generates deep axially-aligned cyclones and anticyclones; (2) a deep planetary dynamo acts to promote additional anticyclones, some as large as Jupiter's Great Red Spot, in an overlying atmospheric layer. We use these ideas to interpret several observational properties of vortices on Jupiter and Saturn.
