论文标题
数字双胞胎不是单卵的 - 两个行业级汽车模拟器中的交叉复制ADAS测试
Digital Twins Are Not Monozygotic -- Cross-Replicating ADAS Testing in Two Industry-Grade Automotive Simulators
论文作者
论文摘要
软件和数据密集型驾驶自动化水平不断提高,要求汽车软件测试的发展。作为验证和验证(V&V)ISO/PAS 21448的推荐实践,这是道路车辆预期功能的候选标准,基于仿真的测试有可能降低风险和成本。关于使用模拟器为高级驾驶员辅助系统(ADAS)制定测试自动化技术的研究越来越多。但是,如果在不同的模拟器中执行相同的测试方案,结果有多相似?我们使用两个不同的商业模拟器,即Tass/Siemens Prescan和ESI Pro-Sivic进行了复制研究,将基于搜索的软件测试(SBST)解决方案应用于现实世界中的ADA(PEVI,行人视觉检测系统)。基于简约场景,我们比较了这两个模拟器中使用我们的SBST解决方案生成的关键测试方案。我们表明,SBST可用于有效,有效地生成两个模拟器中的关键测试场景,并且从两个模拟器获得的测试结果可以揭示正在测试的ADA的几个弱点。但是,在两个模拟器中执行相同的测试方案会导致测试输出细节的显着差异,特别是与(1)测试所揭示的(1)安全性违规有关,以及(2)汽车和行人的动态。根据我们的发现,我们建议将来的V&V计划包括多个模拟器,以支持基于稳健的模拟测试,并基于对模拟器内部依赖的措施的基础测试目标。
The increasing levels of software- and data-intensive driving automation call for an evolution of automotive software testing. As a recommended practice of the Verification and Validation (V&V) process of ISO/PAS 21448, a candidate standard for safety of the intended functionality for road vehicles, simulation-based testing has the potential to reduce both risks and costs. There is a growing body of research on devising test automation techniques using simulators for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS). However, how similar are the results if the same test scenarios are executed in different simulators? We conduct a replication study of applying a Search-Based Software Testing (SBST) solution to a real-world ADAS (PeVi, a pedestrian vision detection system) using two different commercial simulators, namely, TASS/Siemens PreScan and ESI Pro-SiVIC. Based on a minimalistic scene, we compare critical test scenarios generated using our SBST solution in these two simulators. We show that SBST can be used to effectively and efficiently generate critical test scenarios in both simulators, and the test results obtained from the two simulators can reveal several weaknesses of the ADAS under test. However, executing the same test scenarios in the two simulators leads to notable differences in the details of the test outputs, in particular, related to (1) safety violations revealed by tests, and (2) dynamics of cars and pedestrians. Based on our findings, we recommend future V&V plans to include multiple simulators to support robust simulation-based testing and to base test objectives on measures that are less dependant on the internals of the simulators.