论文标题

低成本能源脱碳网络中的氢和电池存储技术

Hydrogen and Battery Storage Technologies for Low Cost Energy Decarbonization in Distribution Networks

论文作者

Haggi, Hamed, Brooker, Paul, Sun, Wei, Fenton, James M.

论文摘要

如果没有可再生能源的高渗透率,就无法实现深度能量脱碳。在较高的可再生能源渗透率下,太阳能光伏(PV)电力的可变性和间歇性可能会导致现有的化石燃料产生的渐变问题,这需要长期的能量存储以提高网格操作的可靠性。质子交换膜电解油可以产生H2和可作为实用性可控载荷。然后可以将生产的H2存储并转换回电能,或与天然气混合,或用作运输燃料或化学原料。本文考虑了分配系统运营商的观点,该分配系统运营商在标准IEEE 33节点分销网络上运行分布式能源,考虑到技术和物理约束,目的是最大程度地减少总投资和运营成本。在非常高的PV渗透率下,不同的案例研究显示出使用H2能量的零排放能量产生的挑战和途径。提出了公用事业光伏成本的敏感性和对生产H2 $ 1/kg的H2的敏感性,表明分销网络可以在2050年以相同的价格产生100%的可再生电力,而H2可以在2050年以保守的成本估算,而到2030年,成本下降了。

Deep energy decarbonization cannot be achieved without high penetration of renewables. At higher renewable energy penetrations, the variability and intermittent nature of solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity can cause ramping issues with existing fossil fuel generation, requiring longer term energy storage to increase the reliability of grid operation. A proton exchange membrane electrolyzer can produce H2and serves as a utility controllable load. The produced H2 can then be stored and converted back into electricity, or mixed with natural gas, or used as transportation fuel, or chemical feedstock. This paper considers the perspective of the distribution system operator that operates the distributed energy resources on a standard IEEE 33-node distribution network considering the technical and physical constraints with the goal of minimizing total investment and operation cost. Different case studies, at very high PV penetrations are considered to show the challenges and path to net-zero emission energy production using H2 energy. Sensitivity of utility PV costs and electrolyzer capital costs on producing H2 at $1/kg are presented showing that the distribution network could produce 100% renewable electricity and H2 could be produced with the same price by 2050 with conservative cost estimates and by 2030 with accelerated cost declines.

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