论文标题
电子和声子的超快动力学：从两个温度模型到时间依赖的玻尔兹曼方程
Ultrafast dynamics of electrons and phonons: from the two-temperature model to the time-dependent Boltzmann equation
论文作者
论文摘要
泵探针光谱技术的出现为晶体固体中电子和声子的超快动力学的探索铺平了道路。随着泵脉冲的照片吸收和初始电子热化，电子和振动的自由度的动力学以电子方式和声子形式散射过程为主导。两元模型（TTM）及其泛化 - 如，如，例如，e.g。，例如，不合时宜的工具（nlm） - nlm and nlm（nlm） - 在几百个飞秒和数十秒之间的时间标准上的电子波动力学。尽管如今可以使用更复杂的理论方法，但TTM的概念和计算简单性使其成为对泵探针光谱中的热化过程进行建模的选择方法，并且它不断广泛地应用于实验和理论研究。在AB-Initio方法的域中，时间依赖性的玻尔兹曼方程（TDBE）可以改善TTM的许多缺点，并实现了具有全动量分辨率的超快现象的现实和无参数描述。在对TTM和TDBE进行了教学介绍之后，在本手稿中，我们回顾了它们对固态物理和材料科学中超快过程的描述的应用，以及其理论基础。
The advent of pump-probe spectroscopy techniques paved the way to the exploration of the ultrafast dynamics of electrons and phonons in crystalline solids. Following photo-absorption of a pump pulse and the initial electronic thermalization, the dynamics of electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom is dominated by electron-phonon and phonon-phonon scattering processes.The two-temperature model (TTM) and its generalizations -- as, e.g., the non-thermal lattice model (NLM) -- provide valuable tools to describe these phenomena and the ensuing coupled electron-phonon dynamics over timescales ranging between few hundreds of femtoseconds and tens of picoseconds. While more sophisticated theoretical approaches are nowadays available, the conceptual and computational simplicity of the TTM makes it the method of choice to model thermalization processes in pump-probe spectroscopy, and it keeps being widely applied in both experimental and theoretical studies. In the domain of ab-initio methods, the time-dependent Boltzmann equation (TDBE) ameliorates many of the shortcomings of the TTM and it enables a realistic and parameter-free description of ultrafast phenomena with full momentum resolution. After a pedagogical introduction to the TTM and TDBE, in this manuscript we review their application to the description of ultrafast process in solid-state physics and materials science as well as their theoretical foundation.
