论文标题

量子随机数生成器:基准测试和挑战

Quantum Random Number Generators : Benchmarking and Challenges

论文作者

Cirauqui, David, García-March, Miguel Ángel, Corominas, Guillem Guigó, Graß, Tobias, Grzybowski, Przemysław R., Muñoz-Gil, Gorka, Saavedra, J. R. M., Lewenstein, Maciej

论文摘要

我们讨论了量子随机数发生器(QRNG)及其在寻找量子优势时的可能应用的当前状态。为此,我们首先讨论了一种基准QRNG的可能方法,通过将它们应用于复杂且难以实现经典模拟的计算,例如二维Ising晶格中的批判性动态。这些是在基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或图形处理单元(GPU)的计算设备的帮助下执行的。将QRNG获得的结果与通过各种品质的经典伪随机数发生器(PRNG)获得的结果进行了比较。中等晶格大小(128 $ \ tims $ 128)的临界动力学的蒙特卡洛模拟开始对伪随机数序列中存在的相关性敏感,从而使我们能够检测到它们。通过将我们的分析与参考文献进行比较。 [pre {\ bf 93},022113(2016)],我们在速度,访问速度和效率方面估计QRNG的要求,以实现相对于最佳PRNG的量子优势的目标。我们讨论与此目标相关的技术挑战。

We discuss the current state of the art of Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNG) and their possible applications in the search for quantum advantages. To this aim, we first discuss a possible way of benchmarking QRNG by applying them to the computation of complicated and hard to realize classical simulations, such as critical dynamics in two-dimensional Ising lattices. These are performed with the help of computing devices based on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or graphic processing units (GPUs). The results obtained for QRNG are compared with those obtained by classical pseudo-random number generators (PRNG) of various qualities. Monte Carlo simulations of critical dynamics in moderate lattice sizes (128$\times$128) start to be sensitive to the correlations present in pseudo-random numbers sequences, allowing us to detect them. By comparing our analysis with that of Ref. [PRE {\bf 93}, 022113 (2016)], we estimate the requirements for QRNGs in terms of speed, rapidity of access, and efficiency to achieve the objective of quantum advantage with respect to the best PRNGs. We discuss the technical challenges associated with this objective.

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