论文标题
量子热力学第一定律的统一
Unification of the first law of quantum thermodynamics
论文作者
论文摘要
基本的经典热力学原理是由量子力学的基本公理产生的类似微观定律。这些定义了量子热力学变量，例如量子工作和热量，并表征开放量子系统的可能转换。最大的量子热力学定律是关于能量保护的简单陈述。然而，关于量子系统能量变化对工作和热量的精确分区的歧义和分歧。通过将量子力学视为一种综合理论，适用于微观和宏观领域，并采用动态对称性，我们弥合了五种流行的热力学方法之间的差距。其中包括自主和半古典配方，这些配方定义了合奏平均值以及单射击范式的作品，其中工作被定义为确定性数量。
Underlying the classical thermodynamic principles are analogous microscopic laws, arising from the fundamental axioms of quantum mechanics. These define quantum thermodynamic variables such as quantum work and heat and characterize the possible transformations of open quantum systems. The foremost quantum thermodynamic law is a simple statement concerning the conservation of energy. Nevertheless, there exist ambiguity and disagreement regarding the precise partition of a quantum system's energy change to work and heat. By treating quantum mechanics as a comprehensive theory, applicable to both the micro and macroscopic domains, and employing dynamical symmetries, we bridge the gaps between five popular thermodynamic approaches to the first law. These include both autonomous and semi-classical formulations, which define work in terms of an ensemble average, as well as the single shot paradigm, where work is defined as a deterministic quantity.
