论文标题
周期性电势可以极大地增强主动波动引起的自由粒子转运
Periodic potential can enormously boost free particle transport induced by active fluctuations
论文作者
论文摘要
由于自我推广机制或与活动环境的碰撞，在越来越多的系统中检测到主动波动。它们驱动系统远离平衡，并可以诱导在平衡状态下被禁止的现象。波动散落关系和详细的平衡对称性。理解它们在生命物质中的作用正在成为物理学的挑战。在这里，我们证明了一种自相矛盾的效应，其中当粒子还具有周期性势能时，许多数量级可以通过许多数量级来提高自由粒子转运。相反，在仅热波动的领域内，当周期电势被打开时，暴露于偏置的自由粒子的速度会降低。提出的机制对于理解非平衡环境（例如活细胞）很重要，从基本的角度来解释了为什么在空间周期性结构中被称为微管来产生令人印象深刻的有效细胞内转运。我们的发现很容易在实验上证实，例如在包括光学生成的周期电势中的胶体粒子的设置中。
Active fluctuations are detected in a growing number of systems due to self-propulsion mechanisms or collisions with active environment. They drive the system far from equilibrium and can induce phenomena which at equilibrium states are forbidden by e.g. fluctuation-dissipation relations and detailed balance symmetry. Understanding of their role in living matter is emerging as a challenge for physics. Here we demonstrate a paradoxical effect in which a free particle transport induced by active fluctuations can be boosted by many orders of magnitude when the particle is additionally subjected to a periodic potential. In contrast, within the realm of only thermal fluctuations the velocity of a free particle exposed to a bias is reduced when the periodic potential is switched on. The presented mechanism is significant for understanding nonequilibrium environments such as living cells where it can explain from a fundamental point of view why spatially periodic structures known as microtubules are necessary to generate impressively effective intracellular transport. Our findings can be readily corroborated experimentally e.g. in a setup comprising a colloidal particle in an optically generated periodic potential.
