论文标题
基于硅化硅的约瑟夫野外效应晶体管用于超导码头
Silicide-based Josephson field effect transistors for superconducting qubits
论文作者
论文摘要
量子计算机的制造和操作中的可伸缩性是超越NISQ时代的关键。到目前为止,基于铝制约瑟夫森隧道连接的超导式矩形量子位显示出最先进的结果,尽管这项技术很难通过大规模的设施实施。最近出现了另一种“ gatemon” Qubit,它使用混合超导/半导体(S/SM)设备作为闸门调节的Josephson连接。然而,当前使用纳米线的实现,大规模制造尚未成熟。可以通过CMOS Josephson场效应晶体管作为可调的弱环节进行可扩展的GATEMON设计,其中理想的设备具有较大的超导间隙的导线,该间隙通过高透明界面接触短通道。在具有硅化剂的微电子行业中,具有很高的透明度或低接触性,其中有些是超导的。本文实验工作的第一部分涵盖了两种此类材料的材料研究:$ \ text {v} _3 \ text {si} $和ptsi,它们的高$ t_ \ text {c} $和成熟的集成很有趣。第二部分涵盖了50 nm门长PTSI晶体管的实验结果,其中S/SM接口的透明度由栅极电压调节。在低电压下,运输在低能时没有电导率,在超导间隙处没有明确定义的特征。通过增加栅极电压来减小S/SM界面处的屏障高度,直到零偏置峰出现在零排水电压附近,这揭示了Andreev电流的外观。基于硅的晶体管中Andreev电流的成功栅极调制代表了迈向完全CMOS集成的超导量子计算机的一步。
Scalability in the fabrication and operation of quantum computers is key to move beyond the NISQ era. So far, superconducting transmon qubits based on aluminum Josephson tunnel junctions have demonstrated the most advanced results, though this technology is difficult to implement with large-scale facilities. An alternative "gatemon" qubit has recently appeared, which uses hybrid superconducting/semiconducting (S/Sm) devices as gate-tuned Josephson junctions. Current implementations of these use nanowires however, of which the large-scale fabrication has not yet matured either. A scalable gatemon design could be made with CMOS Josephson Field-Effect Transistors as tunable weak link, where an ideal device has leads with a large superconducting gap that contact a short channel through high-transparency interfaces. High transparency, or low contact resistance, is achieved in the microelectronics industry with silicides, of which some turn out to be superconducting. The first part of the experimental work in this thesis covers material studies on two such materials: $\text{V}_3\text{Si}$ and PtSi, which are interesting for their high $T_\text{c}$, and mature integration, respectively. The second part covers experimental results on 50 nm gate length PtSi transistors, where the transparency of the S/Sm interfaces is modulated by the gate voltage. At low voltages, the transport shows no conductance at low energy, and well-defined features at the superconducting gap. The barrier height at the S/Sm interface is reduced by increasing the gate voltage, until a zero-bias peak appears around zero drain voltage, which reveals the appearance of an Andreev current. The successful gate modulation of Andreev current in a silicon-based transistor represents a step towards fully CMOS-integrated superconducting quantum computers.