论文标题
星系中CNO元素的演变
The evolution of CNO elements in galaxies
论文作者
论文摘要
在氢和氦之后，氧，碳和氮（以下简称CNO元素）是宇宙中最丰富的物种。在各种天体物理环境中观察到它们，从最小到最大的尺度，并且是所有已知的生命形式的基础，因此，任何生物标志物的成分。因此，他们的研究证明在当代天体物理学的几个领域至关重要，扩展到天体生物学。在这篇综述中，我将总结有关星系中CNO元素进化的当前知识，从我们的家中，银河系。在恒星中CNO合成的简短回顾后，我将介绍化学演化模型预测与CNO同位素丰度的观察结果和恒星和气态物质中的丰度比之间的比较。这样的比较允许限制星系组装及其恒星种群的模式和时间尺度，以及恒星的进化和核合成理论。我会强调的是，必须根据银河系可用的丰度数据仔细校准化学演化模型，然后才能将其应用于其他系统的观测数据集的解释。在这种情况下，我还将讨论某些关键CNO同位素比的有用性，作为在星系中盛行的，星系范围内的恒星初始质量函数的探针，在星系中，从星光不可行。
After hydrogen and helium, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen - hereinafter, the CNO elements - are the most abundant species in the universe. They are observed in all kinds of astrophysical environments, from the smallest to the largest scales, and are at the basis of all known forms of life, hence, the constituents of any biomarker. As such, their study proves crucial in several areas of contemporary astrophysics, extending to astrobiology. In this review, I will summarize current knowledge about CNO element evolution in galaxies, starting from our home, the Milky Way. After a brief recap of CNO synthesis in stars, I will present the comparison between chemical evolution model predictions and observations of CNO isotopic abundances and abundance ratios in stars and in gaseous matter. Such a comparison permits to constrain the modes and time scales of the assembly of galaxies and their stellar populations, as well as stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis theories. I will stress that chemical evolution models must be carefully calibrated against the wealth of abundance data available for the Milky Way before they can be applied to the interpretation of observational datasets for other systems. In this vein, I will also discuss the usefulness of some key CNO isotopic ratios as probes of the prevailing, galaxy-wide stellar initial mass function in galaxies where more direct estimates from starlight are unfeasible.
