论文标题
星球四：神经网络在火星上寻找极地春季粉丝
Planet Four: A Neural Network's Search For Polar Spring-time Fans On Mars
论文作者
论文摘要
春季期间，轨道可见的黑暗沉积物出现在火星南极地区。这些被认为是由二氧化碳气体的爆炸喷射爆发而形成的，这些气体突破了融化的季节性冰盖，含有灰尘和污垢，然后将其沉积在冰上，因为黑暗的“斑点”，或者被表面风吹成条纹或“粉丝”。我们研究了机器学习（ML）方法，用于自动在高分辨率成像科学实验（Hirise）卫星图像中自动识别这些季节性特征。我们设计了深层卷积神经网络（CNN），这些神经网络（CNN）是使用Planet Four产生的目录进行培训和测试的，这是一个在线公民科学项目，映射了南极季节性的矿床。我们通过将CNN与ISODATA（迭代自组织数据分析技术）聚类的结果进行比较来验证了CNN，并且正如预期的那样，CNN在预测Planet Four的结果方面都在预测的季节性沉积物和界限方面都明显更好。我们发现CNN或ISODATA不适合预测季节性粉丝的来源和指示，这是公民科学方法的优势。 CNN与第四行星在交叉验证指标中表现出良好的一致性，并在地球四目录中错过的Hirise图像中发现了一些季节性沉积物； CNN预测的季节性沉积物总面积比《星球四个目录》大27％，但该方面的每一比例差异很大。
Dark deposits visible from orbit appear in the Martian south polar region during the springtime. These are thought to form from explosive jets of carbon dioxide gas breaking through the thawing seasonal ice cap, carrying dust and dirt which is then deposited onto the ice as dark 'blotches', or blown by the surface winds into streaks or 'fans'. We investigate machine learning (ML) methods for automatically identifying these seasonal features in High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) satellite imagery. We designed deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) that were trained and tested using the catalog generated by Planet Four, an online citizen science project mapping the south polar seasonal deposits. We validated the CNNs by comparing their results with those of ISODATA (Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Technique) clustering and as expected, the CNNs were significantly better at predicting the results found by Planet Four, in both the area of predicted seasonal deposits and in delineating their boundaries. We found neither the CNNs or ISODATA were suited to predicting the source point and directions of seasonal fans, which is a strength of the citizen science approach. The CNNs showed good agreement with Planet Four in cross-validation metrics and detected some seasonal deposits in the HiRISE images missed in the Planet Four catalog; the total area of seasonal deposits predicted by the CNNs was 27% larger than that of the Planet Four catalog, but this aspect varied considerably on a per-image basis.
