论文标题
原始磁场中的一阶QCD过渡
First-order QCD transition in a primordial magnetic field
论文作者
论文摘要
回想起对极强的原始磁场$ H $的期望，我们在手性对称性恢复的阶段（$χSR$），手性对称性破坏（$χSB$）和Pion超丰富流体（$πsf$）之间的阶段进行了重新检查。对于有限$ h $中的均质阶段，采用明智的方案来确定$πsf$的相边界，这也是超导阶段本身。在第一部分中，在手性有效的Polyakov-nambu-Jona-Lasinio模型中详细研究了QCD相图，并发现涉及$πsf$的过渡是相对较小的$ H $的一阶。正如Meissner效应所预期的那样，$πsf$的政权随着$ h $的增加而收缩，完全消失了超出阈值。在第二部分中，在更方便的Polyakov-Quark-Meson型号中，泡沫动力学被照亮了较强的一阶过渡，$χSR\rightarrowπsf$。暂停的锥形冷凝物和磁场运动耦合方程始终求解以产生气泡结构。然后，根据气泡碰撞，我们通过预先开发一个简单的玩具模型来探索引力波（GW）的发射。据估计，遗物GW的特征频率为$ 0.1-1 \，{\ rm k} $或$ 10^9-10^{10} \，{\ rm hz} $在我们的银河系中。
Recalling the expectation of an extremely strong primordial magnetic field $H$, we recheck transitions among the phases of chiral symmetry restoration ($χSR$), chiral symmetry breaking ($χSB$), and pion superfluidity ($πSF$)in the QCD epoch of the early Universe. For homogeneous phases in a finite $H$, a sensible scheme is adopted to determine the phase boundaries of $πSF$, which is also superconductivity phase itself. In the first part, the QCD phase diagrams are studied in detail within the chiral effective Polyakov-Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model and the transitions involving $πSF$ are found to be of first order at relatively small $H$. As expected from the Meissner effect, the regime of $πSF$ shrinks with increasing $H$ and completely vanishes beyond a threshold value. In the second part, the bubble dynamics is illuminated for the stronger first-order transition, $χSR\rightarrowπSF$, in the more convenient Polyakov-quark-meson model. The coupled equations of motion of pion condensate and magnetic field are solved consistently to give the bubble structure. Then, based on bubble collisions, we explore gravitational wave (GW) emission by developing a simple toy model in advance; and the characteristic frequency of the relic GW is estimated to be of the order $0.1-1\,{\rm K}$ or $10^9-10^{10}\,{\rm Hz}$ in our galaxy.
