论文标题
在电动相过渡时期，高磁场引起的各向异性引力波
Anisotropic gravitational waves induced by hypermagnetic fields during the electroweak phase transition epoch
论文作者
论文摘要
我们研究了由弱的高磁场引起的引力波的各向异性，在早期宇宙中的电子相变期间，它们是随机分布和定向的。这项研究的理论设置是标准模型加上真实的单线标量字段，它可以产生所需的强大一阶电子相变。然后，我们研究了高磁场如何转换为磁场，并计算当磁场打开时，对称相和损坏相之间的能量差出发。发现超磁场的存在可以增加欧几里得的作用，从而可以降低成核温度，从而导致超冷等离子体。我们指出，高磁场可以通过一阶电子相变增强引力波的产生，而原始超磁场的不均匀性可以导致引力波的各向异性。通过检查超磁场的三个良好动机分布，我们计算了随机引力波背景的相应角功率谱，发现它们可以显着大于Sachs-Wolfe效应和综合的Sachs-Wolfe效应的贡献。我们的结果表明，重力波的各向异性可以为电动eakeak阶段过渡时期的原始超磁场提供新颖的探针。
We study the anisotropies of gravitational waves induced by weak hypermagnetic fields which are randomly distributed and oriented during the electroweak phase transition in the early universe. The theory setup of this study is the standard model plus a real singlet scalar field, which can produce the needed strongly first order electroweak phase transition. Then we investigate how the hypermagnetic fields can convert to magnetic fields and we compute the departure of energy difference between the symmetric phase and the broken phase when the magnetic fields are turned on. It is found that the presence of the hypermagnetic fields can increase the Euclidean action, thus can decrease nucleation temperature, which can lead to a supercool plasma. We point out that the hypermagnetic field can enhance the gravitational wave production from a first order electroweak phase transition and the inhomogeneity of primordial hypermagnetic field can lead to anisotropies of gravitational waves. By examining three well-motivated distribution of hypermagnetic fields, we calculate the corresponding angular power spectra of stochastic gravitational wave background and find they can be significantly larger than the contributions of the Sachs-Wolfe effects and integrated Sachs-Wolfe effects. Our results show that the anisotropies of gravitational wave could provide a novel probe to the primordial hypermagnetic field in the electroweak phase transition epoch.
