论文标题

部分可观测时空混沌系统的无模型预测

Integrable Digital Quantum Simulation: Generalized Gibbs Ensembles and Trotter Transitions

论文作者

Vernier, Eric, Bertini, Bruno, Giudici, Giuliano, Piroli, Lorenzo

论文摘要

储层计算是预测湍流的有力工具,其简单的架构具有处理大型系统的计算效率。然而,其实现通常需要完整的状态向量测量和系统非线性知识。我们使用非线性投影函数将系统测量扩展到高维空间,然后将其输入到储层中以获得预测。我们展示了这种储层计算网络在时空混沌系统上的应用,该系统模拟了湍流的若干特征。我们表明,使用径向基函数作为非线性投影器,即使只有部分观测并且不知道控制方程,也能稳健地捕捉复杂的系统非线性。最后,我们表明,当测量稀疏、不完整且带有噪声,甚至控制方程变得不准确时,我们的网络仍然可以产生相当准确的预测,从而为实际湍流系统的无模型预测铺平了道路。

The Trotter-Suzuki decomposition is a promising avenue for digital quantum simulation (DQS), approximating continuous-time dynamics by discrete Trotter steps of duration $τ$. Recent work suggested that DQS is typically characterized by a sharp Trotter transition: when $τ$ is increased beyond a threshold value, approximation errors become uncontrolled at large times due to the onset of quantum chaos. Here we contrast this picture with the case of \emph{integrable} DQS. We focus on a simple quench from a spin-wave state in the prototypical XXZ Heisenberg spin chain, and study its integrable Trotterized evolution as a function of $τ$. Due to its exact local conservation laws, the system does not heat up to infinite temperature and the late-time properties of the dynamics are captured by a discrete Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (dGGE). By means of exact calculations we find that, for small $τ$, the dGGE depends analytically on the Trotter step, implying that discretization errors remain bounded even at infinite times. Conversely, the dGGE changes abruptly at a threshold value $τ_{\rm th}$, signaling a novel type of Trotter transition. We show that the latter can be detected locally, as it is associated with the appearance of a non-zero staggered magnetization with a subtle dependence on $τ$. We highlight the differences between continuous and discrete GGEs, suggesting the latter as novel interesting nonequilibrium states exclusive to digital platforms.

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